To the content
4 . 2020

New breeding and technological evaluation criteria for fruit and berry products for the healthy and dietary food industry

Abstract

For the formation of a healthy diet, it is important to provide an economic and physical availability of the assortment of import-substituting high quality and safe horticultural products, and to improve the industrial assortment. Wherein, the traits which define the consumer demand, such as quality and the chemical composition of fruits, saturation with essential micronutrients for healthy and dietary nutrition, should be taken into account in the first place among other breeding criteria, such as an early maturity and productivity.

The aim of the research was the determination of breeding and technological priorities for fruits and berries from the point of view of the content of macro - and micronutrients for the development of dietary foodstuffs.

Material and methods. The object of the investigation was the data on the content of protein, total sugar, mono- and disaccharides, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, resveratrol, piceid, vitamins С, E, B1, B2, PP and carotenoids in samples of fruit and berry crops grown on the experimental production sites of the Federal Research Center named after I.V. Michurin (25 varieties of apple, 21 varieties of pear, 14 - of cherry, 5 - apricot, 10 - honeysuckle, 14 - strawberry, 8 forms of viburnum, 18 varieties of raspberry, 13 varieties of gooseberry, 10 forms of sea buckthorn, 12 varieties of plum, 8 varieties of red currant, 12 varieties of black currant). The statistical software package Statistica 6 was used for statistical data processing and construction of mathematical models.

Results and discussion. The scale of priority distribution was developed, based on the analysis of the micronutrient composition of fruit and berries. The limits of low, medium and high micronutrient content in horticultural products were defined. Therefore, the threshold values of high level (3 points) were determined as ≥6 g/100 g for the dietary fiber and ≥30% of the recommended daily intake for the biologically active substances (BAS), minerals and trace elements. The threshold values of medium level of content (2 points) were determined as ≥3 g/100 g for the dietary fiber, ≥15% of the recommended daily intake for the BAS, minerals and trace elements. And threshold values of low level of content (1 points) were determined as values of indicators which are less than aforementioned. It was found that the categories of low priority (1 point) in the studied crops include protein, vitamins B1 (except for honeysuckle), B2, E (except for sea buckthorn) and PP, as well as sodium, calcium and zinc. The majority of the research objects has medium values as a source of soluble dietary fiber, carotenoids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and potassium. The content of ascorbic acid and polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanidins demonstrates the highest priority among the studied crops (3 points). According to the data obtained, the most of cultivars has a high content of organic acids (citric and malic), and more than 45.0% of the cultivars have a high content of vitamin C. 55.8% of cultivars have a high content of polyphenolic compounds, while 23.4% of cultivars are the sources of polyphenolic compounds too. Also 45.8% of cultivars have a high content of anthocyanidins, 25.0% of cultivars have a high content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, 2.9% of cultivars are rich in iron. 62.0% of cultivars are the sources of soluble dietary fiber, 49.6% - sources of flavonoids, 13.0% - sources of potassium, 5.8% - sources of magnesium, 2.9% - sources of copper.

Conclusion. The assessment of the chemical composition of fruits and berries from the standpoint of the presence and the content of macro- and micronutrients and BAS, proposed as a breeding program priority for the development of foodstuffs for specialized, dietary and therapeutic nutrition, is the basis for the future work on identification of complex sources, formation of unique food matrices, and selection of technological processes to develope a line of specialized foodstuffs.

Keywords:fruits, berries, mineral composition, chemical composition, natural biologically active substances, vitamins, trace elements, organic acids, flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, ranking

Funding. The study did not have sponsorship.

Conflict of interests. Author declare no conflict of interests.

For citation: Akimov M.Yu. New breeding and technological evaluation criteria for fruit and berry products for the healthy and dietary food industry. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2020; 89 (4): 244-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10057 (in Russian)

References

1. Tutelyan V.A., Nikityuk D.B., Khotimchenko S.A. Normative base of food quality and safety assessment. Russian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017; (2): 74–120. (in Russian)

2. Papadaki A., Sánchez-Tainta A. Fruits and vegetables. In: A. Sanchez-Villegas, A. Sanchez-Taínta (eds). The Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease through the Mediterranean Diet. London: Academic Press, 2018: 101–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811259-5.00006-8

3. Dickerson R.N. Metabolic support challenges with obesity during critical illness. Nutrition. 2019; 57: 24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.008

4. Sarkar P., Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods. 2019; 53: 318–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036

5. Akimov M.Yu., Bessonov V.V., Kodentsova V.M., Eller K.I., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Beketova N.A., et al. Biological value of fruits and berries of Russian production. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2020; 89 (4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10055 (in Russian)

6. Norms of physiological needs in energy and food substances for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation: Methodological recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor MR 2.3.1.2432-08 of 18.12.2008. (in Russian)

7. Cosmulescu S., Trandafir I., Nour V., Botu M. Variation in minerals of skin and pulp of different cultivars of plum. Acta Horticulturae. 2917; 1175: 93–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1175.17

8. Savikin K., Zivković J., Zdunić G., Godevac D., Dordević N. Phenolic and mineral profiles of four Balkan indigenous apple cultivars monitored at two different maturity stages. J Food Compos Anal. 2014; 35 (2): 101–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2014.05.004

9. De Souza V.R., Pereira P.A.P., da Silva T.L.T., de Oliveira Lima L.C., Pio R., Queiroz F. Determination of the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Brazilian blackberry, red raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and sweet cherry fruits. Food Chem. 2014; 156: 362–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.125

10. Foster-Powell K., Holt S.H., Brand-Miller J.C. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020; 76 (1): 5–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5

11. Atkinson F.S., Foster-Powell K., Brand-Miller J.C. International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values: 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (12): 2281–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1239

12. ISO 26642:2010 Food products – Determination of the glycaemic index (GI) and recommendation for food classification.

13. Hakala M., Lapveteläinen A., Huopalahti R., Kallio H., Tahvonen R. Effects of varieties and cultivation conditions on the composition of strawberries. J Food Compos Anal. 2003; 16: 67–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(02)00165-5

14. Skupien K., Oszmianski J. Comparison of six cultivars of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch) grown in Northwest Poland. Eur Food Res Technol. 2004; 219: 66–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-004-0918-1

15. Pantelidis G.A., Vasilakakis M., Manganaris G.A., Diamantidis, G.R. Antioxidant capacity phenol anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants gooseberries, and cornelian cherries. Food Chem. 2007; 102: 777–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.021

16. Sidorova Yu.S., Shipelin V.A., Petrov N.A., Frolova Yu.V., Kochetkova A.A., Mazo V.K. The experimental evaluation in vivo of hypoglycemic properties of functional food ingredient – polyphenolic food matrix. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2018; 87 (4S): 5–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10036 (in Russian)

17. Wang X., Ouyang Y., Liu J., Zhu M., Zhao G., Bao W., et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2014; 349: 44–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4490

18. Łysiak G.P., Michalska A., Wojdyło A. Postharvest changes in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of apples cv. Jonagold growing in different locations in Europe. Food Chem. 2020; 310: 125912. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125912

19. Van de Velde F., Esposito D., Grace M.H., Pirovani M.E., Lila M.A. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of polyphenolic extracts from strawberry and blackberry fruits. Food Res Int. 2019; 121: 453–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059

20. Cervantes L., Martínez-Ferri E., Soria C., Ariza M.T. Bioavailability of phenolic compounds in strawberry, raspberry and blueberry: insights for breeding programs. Food Biosci. 2020; 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100680

21. Orsavová J., Hlaváčová I., Mlček J., Snopek L., Mišurcová L. Contribution of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and vitamin E to antioxidant activity of currant (Ribes L.) and gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) fruits. Food Chem. 2019; 284: 323–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.072

22. Martins V., Garcia A., Alhinho A.T., Costa P., Lanceros-Méndez S., Costa M.M.R., et al. Vineyard calcium sprays induce changes in grape berry skin, firmness, cell wall composition and expression of cell wall-related genes. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020; 150: 49–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.033

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Scopus CiteScore
CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»