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4 . 2020

Physiological and biochemical studies as a necessary component of the algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of food minor biologically active substances

Abstract

Preclinicalphysiological and biochemical studies of the effectiveness of the tested biologically active substances in the conditions of simulated pathology in laboratory animals are an important stage preceding the assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the created specialized foods for therapeutic or preventive nutrition.

The aim of this work is a brief review of the developed algorithm for preclinical assessment of the effectiveness of specialized foods, which includes a set of sequential stages of testing the safety, stability, bioavailability and effectiveness of biologically active substances in experiments on laboratory animals.

Results. The paper presents a brief review of methodological approaches for in vivo preclinical assessment of the effectiveness of minor plant biologically active substances -polyphenols from bilberry fruits and leaves and phytoecdysteroids extracted from spinach. A beneficial effect of bilberry leaves’ polyphenols on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of male Zucker and Wistar rats was shown, which determined the necessity to increase the effectiveness of the developed polyphenolic ingredient by sorption on a food carrier. When evaluating the in vivo effects of polyphenols from blueberries and leaves sorbed on buckwheat flour, a pronounced hypoglycemic effect was found. The experiments aimed to the assessment of the adaptogenic effects of phytoecdysteroids from spinach leaves showed a significant decrease in the content of the main biomarkers of the stress system, which indicates a «smoothing» of the response of the animal organism to a strong stress impact.

Conclusion. The inclusion of minor biologically active substances into the composition of foods for preventive and therapeutic nutrition is the necessary condition to improve their effectiveness. The scientific and practical significance of the preclinical evaluation to a decisive extent depends on the presence of a correctly selected biomodel. Thus, the adequacy of the assessment of the effects of minor biologically active substances as functional food ingredients in the composition of the specialized food products depends on the reproducibility of pathological processes (clinical, biochemical and morphological disorders) characteristic for the studied disease on the selected in vivo model.

Keywords:biologically active substances, polyphenols, phytoecdysteroids, biologic models, specialized foods

Funding. This work was carried out at the expense of the subsidy for the implementation of the state task (No. 0529-2019-0055).

Conflict of interests. Authors declare no clear or potential conflicts of interests.

For citation: Mazo VK., Sidorova Yu.S., Petrov N.A., Vasilevskaya L.S. Physiological and biochemical studies as a necessary component of the algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of food minor biologically active substances. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2020; 89 (4): 52-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10041 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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