Modern concepts of gene polymorphisms, which regulate lipid metabolism
AbstractThis review discusses the present view on lipid metabolism regulation with emphasis on polymorphisms of key genes. Relying on the analysis of the literature, the blood lipid specter of carriers of the key genes allelic variants has been described. Therefore, reasonability of a more profound study of the influence of genetic polymorphisms on lipid metabolism regulation is substantiated. It is revealed, that the carriers of one of the abnormal alleles causes a higher risk for obesity and its associated complications. Polymorphic variants of the genes, that regulated lipid metabolism are widely presented in human population. It explains the big interest to studying of communication between dyslipidemia, adiposity and other pathologies with features of a genotype. However, abnormality of metabolic process and associated diseases in most cases represent multifactorial diseases. For today, the important problem for researchers still is a definition of a role of individual genetic features in development of pathological processes. The special attention in researches of last years is given to the genes, which products concern to leptin-melanokortin system of regulation of a energy metabolism; proteins-carriers lipid’s blood fractions and cholesterol; and also the enzymes splitting lipids. Lipid metabolism is closely connected with an exchange of carbohydrates, especially a glucose metabolism. That is why genes mediating actions of insulin represent the greatest interest. Today, more than 400 genes are the potential candidates, capable to regulate lipid exchange. However, the further careful and extensive researches in this area are necessary.
Keywords:apolipoprotein, gene, cholesterol, lipid profile, polymorphism